January2016/Experimental design

We're basing these experiments on the Kim2015 paper.

These are the experiments we expect to run:

• Ligate synthesized DNA into linearized plasmid
• Transform plasmids into ecoli (DH5 alpha)
  • Bacterial Transformation of DH5a
  • Transformation of plasmid DNA to competent E. Coli cells
  • Dh5-Alpha Competent E. Coli User Manual
  • Plasmid Transformation into DH5alpha E.coli cells using Heat Shock
  • Protocol: Transformation of Plasmids/Cosmids into E. coli
  • http://openwetware.org/wiki/Transforming_chemically_competent_cells]
• Stick extra DNA in TE buffer and freeze it
• Grow up liquid culture and make glycerol stock
• Do plasmid prep and put in freezer on TE buffer
• Sequence plasmid
• (optional: try to purify protein from e. coli and run gel)
• Transform plasmid into yeast
• Grow yeast on selective media and make glycerol stock
• Grow yeast in bioreactor and induce expression of our protein
• Run nickel column purification of extracellular media
• If the above doesn't work, try to lyse cells and repeat purification
• Run page gels of purifiction product

PLEASE HELP BY WRITING UP OR LINKING THE NECESSARY PROTOCOLS FOR THE ABOVE EXPERIMENTS

Bioreactor growth

The plan is to grow our strain in a bioreactor. We'll need high aeration throughout the experiment.

The starting conditions for flask cultures used in the paper are:

• 2% yeast extract (we'll need defined media with no uracil)
• 2% glucose
• 3% galactose

This is likely fine for our initial proof of concept. Figure 2b from the Kim2005 the paper is especially helpful in understanding the flask cultures growth.

Bioreactor measurements

Biomass

The cell concentration was measured by a spectrophotometer at 660 nm (Lambda 20, Perkin-Elmer, USA). -- Kim2015 paper

We have a working spectrophotometer that can handle 660 nm at both CCL and Biocurious :)

Glucose / Galactose concentration

Glucose, galactose, glycerol, and alcohols in the culture supernatant were analyzed at 50°C using a high-per-formance liquid chromatograph (1100 series, Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a Shodex-SH1011 packed column (/ 8 mm·300 mm, Showa Denko K.K., Japan) and a refractive index detector. -- Kim2015 paper

This equipment would cost around $15,000 so not within our price range.

We could get a GlucCell Glucose Monitoring System which is the same type of device used by diabetics but created especially for cell cultures. I wonder if there is a real difference or if it's just a marketing gimmick. If we buy one we should test it against a normal drug-store blood glucose meter. It can be bought for $360 and the test strips are just over $1 each and sold in packs of 50.

On its website the GlucCell is compared to the NOVA BioProfile Biochemical Analyzer so that's likely an industry standard analyzer. An older 200 series NOVA can be found on ebay for $400 in allegedly working condition and with a 6 month warranty, but it is unclear if it will need reagents/chemistry to function. I expect that it will since the product page for the newer 400 series lists the glucose test methodology as enzyme/amperometric. It is possible that it is using probes with fixated enzymes but I wonder what the lifetime on such probes would be. Also the manual is not available anywhere that I can find. Someone could contact the company and ask if they still sell reagents fro the 200 and which reagents/supplies we'd need. If it _doesn't_ need reagents then that would be a very useful piece of equipment!

Galactose would be cool to measure but it's not absolutely necessary. There are definitely galactose colorometric kits out there that will allow us to use our spectrophotometer to measure galactose.

High yield batch-fed culture

To get high concentrations Kim et al. used a batch-fed bioreactor and in the paper they detail the specifics of how they initialize it but the most important part is probably this:

During the production phase, the glucose concentration was maintained below 1 g/l and the galactose concentration at approximately 15 g/l. The temperature and pH were maintained at 30°C and 5.0 – 5.5, respectively, throughout the bioreactor operation. -- Kim2015